固化光源对充填体与牙体密合度影响的实验研究

目的:研究两种固化光源固化同一种复合树脂充填体与牙体的密合度.方法:选取20颗离体前磨牙,采用析因设计随机分成10组,在颊面牙颈部制备Ⅴ类洞,使用卤素光固化灯和发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂20 s后,分别固化树脂20 s、30 s、40 s、50 s和60 s.将实验牙置于(37±1) ℃人工唾液中浸泡24 h后,置于(37±1) ℃恒温水浴箱内24 h后取出.使用扫描电镜观察牙合壁和龈壁处充填体与牙体的密合度并进行统计学分析.结果:固化粘结剂和树脂使用的光源及固化树脂使用的时间两者之间存在交互作用,差异有显著的统计学意义(P<0.01).10组中缝隙宽度最小均值为0.765 μm,出现在使用LED光固化灯固化粘结剂20 s,LED光固化灯固化树脂30秒组.结论:固化光源可影响充填体与牙体的密合度.适宜的固化时间可使充填体与牙体的密合度增加,固化时间过长或过短均会影响密合度.本研究显示使用发光二极管光固化灯固化粘结剂20 s,发光二极管光固化灯固化树脂30 s时充填体与牙体的密合度最好.     

应用结构光三维扫描技术重建面部软组织形态的初步研究

目的评价结构光三维扫描技术对面部软组织形态三维重建的可行性。方法应用基于格雷码和相位移动技术原理的结构光三维扫描技术，对1名志愿者面部及其面部石膏模型进行扫描，通过Imageware和Geomagic软件对获取的三维点云信息进行去噪、精简、平滑、三角化等数字化处理，重建面部和石膏模型的三维图像。比较三维重建图像测量项目结果和面部实际测量结果的差异。结果结构光三维扫描技术可完整重建志愿者面部的软组织形态，能较好地还原面部实际情况。结论基于格雷码和相位移动技术原理的结构光三维扫描技术能准确地重建面部软组织形态，可为面部缺损的三维重建奠定基础。     

The effect of curing with plasma light on the shrinkage of dental restorative materials

Commercially available light activated dental composites were used in this study to compare the shrinkage following curing with plasma light (Apollo95E, DMDS) and a convention halogen dental curing light (Prismetics Lite II, Dentsply). Polymerization shrinkage was determined by measuring the strain in one dimension by means of a contacting transducer. The percentage linear shrinkage were: Spectrum H = 1.84 + 0.31, P = 1.49 + 0.35*; Ana aesthetic H = 2.04 + 0.38, P = 1.85 + 0.27; Esthet.x H = 1.66 + 0.28, P = 1.69 + 0.25; Dyract AP H = 2.39 + 0.33, P = 2.18 + 0.35*; Apollo Restore H = 1.88 + 0.36, P = 1.42 + 0.33*; Surefil H = 0.88 + 0.28, P = 0.99 + 0.30 where * = significantly different, t-test at P < 0.05. The results suggested that there was less shrinkage when curing some, but not all, materials using the plasma light, although this could be attributed to a reduced level of polymerization.     

低强度脉冲超声在颌骨牵张成骨中的应用

在颌骨牵张成骨中,缩短治疗时间和促进新骨形成以及设计理想的牵张器一直是研究的热点.超声以其独特的理化性质和生物学作用在医学领域有广泛的应用,尤其是低强度脉冲超声在促进骨愈合中显示出了巨大的潜力,已有学者将其用于牵张成骨中.低强度脉冲超声能促进新骨生成,加快骨组织愈合,缩短治疗时间,减少牵张成骨术的并发症.本文就低强度脉冲超声在颌骨牵张成骨中的作用及其机制作一综述.     

Influence of the irradiation distance and the use of cooling to increase enamel-acid resistance with Er:YAG laser

Objectives

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of irradiation distance and the use of cooling in the Er:YAG laser efficacy in preventing enamel demineralization.

Methods

84 enamel blocks were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 12): G1: control group – no treatment, G2–G7: experimental groups treated with Er:YAG laser (80 mJ/2 Hz) at different irradiation distances with or without cooling: G2: 4 mm/2 mL; G3: 4 mm/no cooling; G4: 8 mm/2 mL; G5: 8 mm/no cooling; G6: 16 mm/2 mL; G7: 16 mm/no cooling. The samples were submitted to an in vitro pH cycles for 14 days. Next, the specimens were sectioned in sections of 80–100 μm in thickness and the demineralization patterns of prepared slices were assessed using a polarized light microscope. Three samples from each group were analyzed with scanning electronic microscopy. Analysis of variance and the Fisher test were performed for the statistical analysis of the data obtained from the caries-lesion-depth measurements (CLDM) (alpha = 5%).

Results

The control group (CLDM = 0.67 mm) was statistically different from group 2 (CLDM = 0.42 mm), which presented a smaller lesion depth, and group 6 (0.91 mm), which presented a greater lesion depth. The results of groups 3 (CLDM = 0.74 mm), 4 (CLDM = 0.70 mm), 5 (CLDM = 0.67 mm) and 7 (CLDM = 0.89 mm) presented statistical similarity. The scanning electronic microscopy analysis showed ablation areas in the samples from groups 4, 5, 6 and 7, and a slightly demineralized area in group 2.

Conclusions

It was possible to conclude that Er:YAG laser was efficient in preventing enamel demineralization at a 4-mm irradiation distance using cooling.     

Bullseye: preclinical evaluation of a novel structured light-based imaging workflow to inform glenoid implant positioning in total shoulder arthroplasty

BackgroundAccurate glenoid component positioning during total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) is critical for prosthesis longevity and postoperative function. Glenoid component positioning in many TSA procedures depends on the insertion of a guide pin through the glenoid vault. However, up to 48% of TSA procedures involve guide pin malpositioning. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a novel structured light imaging system to visualize glenoid guide pin position and trajectory in surgically exposed cadaveric shoulders. Computed tomography (CT)-based and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based workflows and subchondral bone–based and glenoid cartilage–based workflows were compared.MethodsPreoperative cone-beam CT (CBCT) and MRI images were acquired for 5 intact cadaveric shoulders. Following deltopectoral surgical exposure, a glenoid vault guide pin was inserted through the glenoid vault of each scapula as in a clinical TSA procedure. A 3D printed optical tracker was placed over the guide pin, and a 3D optical surface image of the glenoid and tracker was acquired using a handheld structured light sensor. A postprocedural CBCT was acquired for each shoulder to verify guide pin position and trajectory. The imaging procedure was repeated after débridement of the glenoid cartilage to expose subchondral bone. The guide pin was segmented from the postprocedural CBCT image (actual guide pin). A virtual model of the tracker was aligned with a co-linear representation of the intraoperative guide pin (predicted guide pin). A series of image registrations aligned the actual and predicted guide pin positions to yield visualization accuracy, defined as the trajectory and offset errors between predicted and actual guide pins.ResultsThe mean guide pin trajectory and offset errors based on the subchondral bone were 2.22 ± 1.27° and 1.27 ± 0.46 mm for the CT-based workflow and 2.27 ± 1.72° and 1.78 ± 0.92 mm for the MRI-based workflow, respectively. Registration of the cartilage surface models visualized in the MRI images reduced accuracy to a trajectory error of 3.89 ± 1.57° (P = .147) and offset error of 2.28 ± 1.33 mm (P = .217).ConclusionThe Bullseye structured light imaging system presented an accurate approach for glenoid guide pin verification and adjustment during TSA using preoperative MRI or CT. Future development for the implementation of the Bullseye system should focus on improving surface segmentations and automation of the computer vision algorithm needed to facilitate clinical translation.     

Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Modulates Tendon Cells Response in IL-1β-Conditioned Environment

Strategies aiming at controlling and modulating inflammatory cues may offer therapeutic solutions for improving tendon regeneration. This study aims to investigate the modulatory effect of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on the inflammatory profile of human tendon-derived cells (hTDCs) after supplementation with interleukin-1β (IL-1β). IL-1β was used to artificially induce inflammatory cues associated with injured tendon environments. The PEMF effect was investigated varying the frequency (5 or 17 Hz), intensity (1.5, 4, or 5 mT), and duty-cycle (10% or 50%) parameters to which IL-1β-treated hTDCs were exposed to. A PEMF actuation with 4 mT, 5 Hz and a 50% duty cycle decreased the production of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), as well as the expression of TNFα, IL-6, IL-8, COX-2, MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-3, while IL-4, IL-10, and TIMP-1 expression increased. These results suggest that PEMF stimulation can modulate hTDCs response in an inflammatory environment holding therapeutic potential for tendon regenerative strategies. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:160–172, 2020